Islam A Monotheistic Religion Essay - 1301 Words

Islam is a monotheistic religion that was founded in Saudi Arabia during the seventh century AD. The belief stems from a man who lived from 570 AD to 632 known as Muhammad, he is known to be the last prophet of god to Muslims. In contrast to Christian beliefs, Jesus, like Muhammad, was a messenger for the word of God, who is better known as â€Å"Allah†. In comparison with both Christianity and Judaism, Islam takes prophets from both religions; Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus, and apply it to their belief in Allah. The spread of Islam happened through Muhammad’s devoted followers all across the the Arabian peninsula, shortly after his death there were military expeditions, called futuhat, or literally openings, into what is now Egypt and other parts of North Africa. Their quest of conversion was very successful but those with a little more resistance were met with a â€Å"holy war†. Though Islam is not a religion that encourages violence, it is one that is very devoted to Allah, and followers are encouraged to defend it; and those that read the Koran would find loopholes to wage such acts in justification to their actions. The spread of Islam was only aided through the ongoing war between the Byzantine and Persian empires, the people were tired and open to conquest. In 636, Arab armies conquered Syria. The Muslims then won Iraq from the Persians and, within ten years after Muhammad s death, subdued Persia itself. The greater part of Egypt fell with little resistance in 640Show MoreRelatedIslam, A Monotheistic Religion1290 Words   |  6 Pages Islam, a monotheistic religion, means submitting one’s will to Allah’s will. When Allah created the Universe, He did not invite anyone to challenge His creation. Allah has a purpose for everything He creates, therefore He does not need to explain what He does to His creation. Allah has sent messengers to convey to the human kind what is legal and illegal for them. He gave His crea tion different abilities; however, He has given humans the ability to obey or disobey Him. Among the messengers thatRead MoreIslam Is A Monotheistic Religion2152 Words   |  9 Pages Islam is a monotheistic religion that is based on the teachings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as â€Å"an expression of surrender to the will of Allah (God), the creator and sustainer of the world† (qtd. in â€Å"Islam†). In order to fully understand the religion, one must understand the history, the beliefs, and the followers of Islam. Islam is known as the most misunderstood religion in the world due to events that have occurred since the development of the religion and some of the actions of people whoRead MoreIslam : A Monotheistic Religion1505 Words   |  7 Pages Modern Challenges Paper Islam is a monotheistic religion taking into account disclosures got by the prophet Muhammad in the seventh century A.D., which were later recorded in the Quran (or Koran), Islam s consecrated content. Islam has spread quickly during the time and today the religion is, by a few estimations, the biggest on the planet. Devotees of Islam are called Muslims. The Arabic word Islam signifies accommodation, mirroring the confidence s focal precept of submitting to Allah. IslamicRead MoreIslam : A Monotheistic Religion1705 Words   |  7 Pages Islam is a monotheistic religion that is based on the belief and worship of Allah (swt) and that Muhammad is his messenger. Islam is also the word that comes from the root word (salma) which means peaceful submission to Allah (swt). In the religion of Islam there are five pillars: Shahada (the Muslim profession of faith), Salah (prayer), seam (fasting), zakat (charity), and hajj (pilgrimage). In Islam we are informed about many things about the day of judgment which is the fifth pillar of ImanRead MoreWhat Is Islam? : The Monotheistic Religions Of Islam2261 Words   |  10 PagesWhat Is Islam? The monotheistic religion of Islam was developed in the Arabian Peninsula in the seventh century by the prophet Muhammad. Followers of this religion are called Muslims. To become a Muslim one simply has to confess â€Å"There is no one but God; and Muhammad is the Prophet of Allah†. (Sardar, 2007, p. 1). This is called the shahadah and creates the basis of the religion. God or Allah, is said to have sent messages through the angel Gabriel which were spoken to Muhammad in Arabic. TheseRead MoreIslam : An Abrahamic Monotheistic Religions1675 Words   |  7 PagesIslam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion that believes that there is only one god, Allah. Today, it is one of the fastest-growing major religions in the world with over 1.6 billion followers which makes up 23% of the population. The great religion had a modest beginning and preserved to spread and become the force that it is today. Most historians believe that Islam originated in Mecca and Medina in the beginning of the 7th century. The religion was first established by the prophet Muhammad whomRead MoreThe World Monotheistic Religions Of Islam, Christianity, And Judaism981 Words   |  4 Pages The third world monotheistic religions of Islam, Christianity, and Judaism, do share this imperative about loving God/Allah with all the mind, heart, soul, and strength, and love one’s neighbor as oneself, which do indeed run contrary to the adversarial processes of managing conflict in the American legal system. It is evident in a litigation situation in a courtroom or in a dispute resolution forum, may it be negotiation, mediation, or arbitration, the two parties locked in argument, debate, andRead MoreIslam, Heavenly Admission, A Monotheistic Religion Of Spiritual1990 Words   |  8 Pages Islam, heavenly admission is a monotheistic religion of spiritual fact, internal well-lit, of love, of human brotherhood and social fairness. Open to all races and all peoples without distinction, to men and women all countries and all ages, whatever the degree of their knowledge and the rank of their fortune. It implies faith in a unique and absolute God and the mission of His Messenger, Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) which he chose for transmitting its message (Qur’an)Read MoreMonotheistic religions, especially Judaism, Christianity, and Islam promote the belief in One God;1600 Words   |  7 PagesMonotheistic religions, especially Judaism, Christianity, and Islam promote the belief in One God; all that exists is because of God. Through prophets and scripture, God portrays moral goodness and truth. Essentially, these three religions believe that God speaks to us, unveils God’s Being, and seeks to guide us through life. In turn, humans should embody the moral goodness and excellence that is revealed to us by God. These religions are taught based upon both scripture and reason. When readingRead MoreSimilarities of Judaism, Islam, and Chri stianity Essay986 Words   |  4 PagesSimilarities of Judaism, Islam and Christianity There are many religions today that people worship and adapt into their daily lives are their creed. Some may have a lot of gods, while some only have one god. But three of these religions are considered as the major religion practiced by most people in the world today. Although different in some senses in terms of history and other teachings, they all have things in common that most of their followers do not seem to realize. The similarities are

Should Abortion Be Legalized - 1172 Words

Although some believe abortion is morally and ethically wrong should it be legal for victims of rape or incest who have no other alternative? Pro-Life advocates believe as horrible as abortion is, the baby is still innocent of any crime. Nobody should be killed for the crime of another person. While Pro-Choice advocates believe if a woman is pregnant by rape, compassion demands that she be allowed to abort. On the other hand, the pro-life vs pro-choice debate tends to overlook the fact that the vast majority of women who have abortions do not, in fact, do so entirely by choice. Circumstances put them in a position where abortion is the least self-destructive option available to them (Head). Is Abortion Immortal Pro-life vs Pro-choice The natural tendency of abortion is a very touchy subject that has been continually argued over by many people. The main controversy is should abortion be legalized? To answer this question we must first define abortion. Abortion is the destruction of the fetus or unborn child while the child is still in the mother’s womb (n.d.). This procedure can be done by clinics set up especially for this purpose. So many people are against abortion that you can drive by any clinic that offers this procedure and see numerous of people outside protesting abortion by showing pictures of dead babies. There are two sides to abortion Pro-Life vs Pro-Choice these two groups offer different solutions to the problem. Pro-Life is opposed to legalizedShow MoreRelatedShould Abortion Be Legalized?1357 Words   |  6 Pagessaid Margaret Sanger (Quotes About Abortion). An abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed durin g the first 28 weeks of pregnancy. 69% of women that have abortions are economically disadvantaged (The Demographics Of Abortion: It s Not What You Think). This is one of the reasons abortions should stay legalized, over half of the women would have been struggling to take care of their child without it. Abortion was legalized on January 27, 1973 in a 7-2 decisionRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legalized?1495 Words   |  6 Pagesbetter, whom the president should be or who or if at all, we should be at war with; no one can unanimously agree on any topic in this country. This is no different then with the current hot topic of abortion. Abortion, although legal in this country, is still treated and viewed as taboo because of a dominantly Christian-American society. Some Christians make it seem that if you are pro-choice then you are pro-murder. However this is not the case. I will explain what abortion really is and why it isRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legalized?869 Words   |  4 Pag es Abortion has become a common argument topic in America; numerous individuals consider themselves pro-life and others pro-choice. Those who consider themselves pro-life oppose abortion, while those who are pro-choice advocate for abortion to be legalized. I believe that abortion should be illegal and that life should be recognized upon conception. Almost all abortions occur during the first trimester when the fetus cannot live outside of the mother’s body. People who are pro-choice believe thatRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legalized972 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion is killing over 1.4 million unborn children in a year (â€Å"They’re Not†). For example, there was the case where a doctor got arrested for killing seven babies and a patient. The clinic he had was described as the house of horror by detectives because doctor Gosnell kept baby parts on a shelf in his clinic. In addition, it was said that he â€Å"forced the live birth of viable babies in the sixth, seventh, and eighth-month pregnancy and then killed those babies by cutting into the back of the neckRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legalized?1200 Words   |  5 PagesAbortion is a very hot topic that has been repeatedly contended over for the past few years. The argument is should abortion be legalized or not? First before we get into the many s ides of abortion we must to know what is abortion. Abortion means ending a pregnancy before the fetus can live independently outside the world. If abortion happens unplanned before 24 weeks of pregnancy. It is called a miscarriage. Abortion is caused design to order to end the pregnancy (Brown, 2013). This can be completeRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legalized?1680 Words   |  7 Pagesrights. A hot topic that is one of the most refuted in today’s society is abortion. One may not see abortion to be acceptable, although, does it make it right to take away that right from someone else? It has taken women a lot of fight and willpower to gain rights to their own bodies, illegalizing abortion would take that right away. Therefore, the question is, should abortion continue to be legalized? First and foremost, abortion can be seen as a way of having full control over one’s personal body.Read MoreAbortion Should Be Legalized Or Not?1902 Words   |  8 PagesDecember 2014 Abortion should be legalized or not? Abortion in itself is a very controversial topic and different people has different views on it some says it should be legalized while others in the other hand says legalization of abortion can create a lot of problems. Abortion is the spontaneous or induced termination of pregnancy before fetal viability. According to WHO, abortion is the pregnancy termination prior to 20 weeks gestation or a fetus born weighing less than 500 grams. Abortion may be self-induced;Read MoreShould Abortion Be Legalized?1685 Words   |  7 Pagesagainst women having an abortion, no matter what situation they are in, the point of women having their own rights should include whether they choose to have their own kid or not. The United States today is very divided on the whole abortion issue, typically republicans are against it calling theirselves â€Å"pro-lfe† and democrats are typically for abortion and they call theirselves â€Å"pro-choice.† Abortion had been practiced in the United States ever since 1880, but it wasn t legalized nationwide untilRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legalized?1799 Words   |  8 PagesAbortion across America Teenage pregnancy has become a norm in America. Sex education is gradually losing significance among the youth. Despite the wide range of contraceptives, many young women are continually getting pregnant. Additionally, the number of young boys and girls ruining their lives at an early stage as a result of quick moments of pleasure is alarming. Moreover, the advancement in technology is an increasingly contributing factor to the high rates of teenage pregnancy (GarfieldRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legalized1237 Words   |  5 PagesMany women in the world consider doing abortion, and this has been huge on-going controversial issues for a long time. The women in country X want to abort because they do not want their daughters to live restricted just like them, but it cannot be justified. Abortion should not be legalized because the woman’s body is not her own property that she has no right to control over the fetus, and it kills the innocent. According to Judith Thomson, abortion is permissible because women â€Å"are granting

MacbethVaulting Ambition Essay Example For Students

MacbethVaulting Ambition Essay Ambition is a strong desire or drive to succeed or achieve something. It can help a person to strive at getting something they want. If someone wants something badly enough, their ambition will help them not give up until they achieve at getting what they want.But also, if a person has too much ambition, it could make that person do destructive things to get what they want and they will hurt anyone or anything that gets in their way. Ambition can be a positive thing or a negative thing. It is a positive thing when it helps you reach a certain goal and strive for something that is good. It is a negative thing when you let it take over, and you lose track of your original goal, and forget about your morals and about everyone around you. The only thing you care about is what you want, and you will do anything in your power to get it. This happens frequently in our world. I remember one time when I was younger and I ran for president of student council. Some of my close friends also ran. Even though they were my friends, I did everything I could to try to make people dislike them and like me. I told lies, and I hurt my friends. I began to lose track of the positive goal, and I turned my ambition into something negative. I soon didn’t have any friends and I also did not get elected for president. This was because I did things that were negative and destructive, and I lost track of my goalIn the play Macbeth, Macbeth’s ambition was to become king. But the only that he saw fit to become king was to kill Duncan. Duncan and Macbeth were cousins, and Duncan was a kind person to Macbeth. But Macbeth was blinded by his ambition. Macbeth said, â€Å"I have no spur to prick the sides of my intent, but only vaulting ambition, which o’erleaps itself and falls on the other,† (Act I Scene VII). By this quote, Macbeth meant that the only reason he sees to kill Duncan was because he wanted to become king. He didn’t think about the future consequences or repercussions. At first Macbeth was loyal, but his ambition overcame his morals a kind-heartedness and made him evil. He let his ambition take over, which made his ambition negative. Lady Macbeth also had too much ambition, which made her evil. She wanted so badly for Macbeth to become king, so that she could become queen. She said, â€Å"Come you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here and fill me, from the crown to toe, top full of direst cruelty,† (Act I, Scene V). She wanted to abandon her morals, and become cruel. She did not want to have remorse for doing evil deeds. She wanted this only because she wanted to become queen. She did not want anything to get in her way of achieving this. Her ambition got in the way, and she became corrupted by it. When someone has too much ambition, they can lose track of what they are trying to achieve. In this case ambition can become negative. Both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth abandoned all of their morals and goodness so that they could get what they want. They did not care about all the lives that they ruined. The only thing that they cared about was becoming king and queen. They let their ambition become negative and take over, just as I did when I tried to become elected as president of student council. This shows that when a person has too much ambition they can and will do destructive things. .ub11d7687e2d7ba0fdaed11cca1b1193e , .ub11d7687e2d7ba0fdaed11cca1b1193e .postImageUrl , .ub11d7687e2d7ba0fdaed11cca1b1193e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub11d7687e2d7ba0fdaed11cca1b1193e , .ub11d7687e2d7ba0fdaed11cca1b1193e:hover , .ub11d7687e2d7ba0fdaed11cca1b1193e:visited , .ub11d7687e2d7ba0fdaed11cca1b1193e:active { border:0!important; } .ub11d7687e2d7ba0fdaed11cca1b1193e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub11d7687e2d7ba0fdaed11cca1b1193e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub11d7687e2d7ba0fdaed11cca1b1193e:active , .ub11d7687e2d7ba0fdaed11cca1b1193e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub11d7687e2d7ba0fdaed11cca1b1193e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub11d7687e2d7ba0fdaed11cca1b1193e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub11d7687e2d7ba0fdaed11cca1b1193e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub11d7687e2d7ba0fdaed11cca1b1193e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub11d7687e2d7ba0fdaed11cca1b1193e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub11d7687e2d7ba0fdaed11cca1b1193e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub11d7687e2d7ba0fdaed11cca1b1193e .ub11d7687e2d7ba0fdaed11cca1b1193e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub11d7687e2d7ba0fdaed11cca1b1193e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mp3 And The Music Industry EssayBibliography:

Insider Essays - Brown Williamson, Films, The Insider,

Insider A dramatization of 1995 events in which the tobacco industry allegedly covered up proof that nicotine is addictive and harmful. When Brown and Williamson executive Jeffrey Wigand (Crowe) tries to expose the industry's cover-up, he is threatened into silence. He eventually gets his story to 60 Minutes producer Lowell Bergman (AL Pacino), but CBS decides against airing it due to political and economic pressures, and the threat of lawsuit from Brown and Williamson. Before we start, I think it's important that you know a little thing about me, and where I'm coming from. I do smoke. But I believe that most of the lawsuits filed against the tobacco industry are unfounded, desperate attempts for people to put the blame on anyone but themselves. I think social security is a safety net for the financially irresponsible. I thought The Insider was a great movie from a strictly entertainment perspective (don't get ahead of me on this one!), and I enjoyed it very much. Russell Crowe is Jeffrey Wigand, a Brown and Williamson VP of Research and Development whose conscience compels him to blow the whistle on the industry. He claims that Big Tobacco has been covering up scientific research that proves nicotine is addictive and harmful. The writing puts a lot of energy into making sure that Wigand is a sufficiently complicated character, and one that we sympathize with. To be sure, he's not entirely one-dimensional. Initially, he does what most of us would do in his position: he takes the money and benefits that the company offers him in return for silence. After all, the guy has a family to look out for. But then Wigand is tortured over his passiveness, wondering if he should take a more aggressive stance with his potentially damaging knowledge. 60 Minutes producer Lowell Bergman, sensing a big story in the works, tries to coax Wigand into talking. An energetic Al Pacino, who fights to get the story on the air, only to have it snuffed by CBS, plays Bergman here. Allegedly, the television network was possibly up for sale around the time of this story, and airing it might have damaged their image with controversy, making it less appealing to potential suitors. This, coupled with the threat of lawsuit from Brown and Williamson, made CBS refuse to air the story. The Insider portrays these events as a crusade on the part of Bergman and Wigand to get the truth out there, against the will of Big Business and Bigger Tobacco. And while Bergman is never portrayed as much more than a journalist with an uncharacteristic amount of integrity, Wigand is a great character to follow as he tries to balance out everything around him. Tortured and sleepless, his reactions are what you would expect from someone forced to choose between the safety of his family with the gravity of what he knows. Most of it makes for edge of your suit viewing. Suspense abounds, and AL Pacino's confrontations with the "evil" corporate executives, censors, and whatnot are the centerpiece of the movie. He gets to climb up on the soapbox and belt out a few speeches about truth and justice and freedom and right and wrong and all that other fun stuff. It's tense, and it's really quite fascinating, actually. From a dramatic standpoint, this movie couldn't have asked for better performances. Gina Gershon makes an appearance in the movie as a tough, icy corporate attorney for CBS. As a standard caricature of faceless law more interested in money than people, she's fabulous. The Insider runs at over two and half hours, but always remains interesting and never drags. The biggest issue I have with this movie is how it so comfortably passes itself off as an unbiased, historical representation of what happened between real life executive Jeffrey Wigand, real life producer Lowell Bergman, and real life corporation Brown and Williamson. The problem is that the movie is so well crafted and so interesting that it's very easy to accept it as 100% Grade A Truth. However, this is clearly Wigand's story, and closer inspection would reveal that the main characters here are just a little too perfect to be real. Did Bergman really storm into the offices of CBS and rant and rave the way AL Pacino does in this movie? Some words might have been exchanged, but it's hard to believe anything as dramatic as what's depicted in The Insider could have happened for real. They would have likely said, "Okay, calm down, have a cup of coffee, have

Kate Winslet Essay Essay Example

Kate Winslet Essay Essay Example Kate Winslet Essay Essay Kate Winslet Essay Essay These past few old ages of senior high school have had its ups and downs. but overall it’s been astonishing. I’d like to thank my friends and household for ever believing in me. Praises to the grads of 2013. see you all in 10 old ages! A know aparting reader may take pleasance in reading â€Å"The Destructors† . over an immature reader. A know aparting reader is a reader that takes deep pleasance in fiction that trades with life significantly. expects characters. secret plan and subjects that are complex or realistic and that may dispute his or her beliefs and position of world. This means that a discriminatory reader would bask reading interpretative literature. like â€Å"The Destructors† . â€Å"The Destructors† will appeal to a discriminating reader because it deals with life jobs and events that have happened. a deeper significance and the subject and the narrative challenges beliefs and positions of world. â€Å"The Destructors† demonstrates life jobs and events that have happened in history. this intrigues a discriminatory reader into desiring to read the book or narrative. The narrative shows life jobs. where there are packs that are desiring to do problem and allow loose ; merely have freedoms and non allow others or themselves have particular intervention. An illustration of this is when Old Misery offers so gang three bundles of smarties and the it’s stood there â€Å"puzzled and perturbed by this action and tried to explicate it off. ‘Bet person dropped them and he picked ’em up. ’ . † They tried to believe of all different grounds why Mr. Thomas would make this and they figured it was a payoff. This would do a discriminatory reader maintain reading. as the narrative is besides set clip is during the London blitz were bombs destroyed 100s of house and topographic points. Not merely does a discriminatory reader become interested by life jobs and historical events. but besides by the subject and deeper significance. A discriminatory reader. unlike an immature reader. can calculate out the deeper significance or subject of a narrative easy and making this keeps them interested. The these is non normally easy present in a narrative that a discriminatory reader would read because they would desire to remain interested and seek to calculate it out as they read it by themselves. The subject of â€Å"The Destructors† is non artlessness because the war has taken that off from them and replaced it with something the reader can do up and believe. The reader. being discriminatory. expects the subject to be complex and realistic. and as the narrative continues the male childs. Blackie and T. . have a conversation about the one thing T. wants to destruct. † ‘We’ll fire them [ the notes/money ] . one by one’ and taking it in turns they held a note upwards and lit the top corner. so that the fire burned easy towards their fingers. The Grey ask floated above them and fell on their caputs like age. † This makes the readers think the they’re non to be artlessness any longer by selfishness and defiance. besides the war has â€Å"aged† them by non giving them a childhood. From what has been said. a know aparting reader is able to calculate out a deeper significance by analysing and anticipating or thinking what the subject and significance of the narrative is to be. Through making so. they may dispute their beliefs and position of world. As a discriminatory reader reads a narrative. along the manner they challenge their ain beliefs every bit good as the writers belief. Whole making this. they could comprehend world otherwise or dispute how or why world was done this manner. In peculiar. the discriminatory reader may read. † ‘Of class I don’t detest him [ Old Misery ] ’ . I said. ‘There’d be no merriment if I hated him. ‘ The last combustion note light his dwelling face. ‘All this hatred and love. ’ he said. ‘it’s soft. it’s stuff. There’s merely things. Blackie. ’ he looked round the room crowded with unfamiliar shadows of half things. broken things. [ and ] former things. † A reader may see this and believe do I truly necessitate this or that and dispute what they believe in and if something is right or incorrect. better or worse. Overall. the discriminatory reader Loos at a narrative and challenges why they believe or don’t believe this and how come world is this manner. Discriminating readers can utilize many ways to look at a narrative and analyse it ; they may take pleasance in to why the narrative trades with life jobs and events in history. besides the subject and or deeper significance. every bit good as disputing beliefs and world. â€Å"The Destructors† demonstrates all of these and that is why this narrative could be appealing to a discriminatory reader.

Porphyrias Lover, My Last Duchess and To His Coy Mistress Essay Example

Porphyrias Lover, My Last Duchess and To His Coy Mistress Essay Example Porphyrias Lover, My Last Duchess and To His Coy Mistress Paper Porphyrias Lover, My Last Duchess and To His Coy Mistress Paper and he is now full of love and happiness due to a beautiful damsel fleeing from the storm and seeking shelter. This poem is inclusive of the weather and another character unlike My Last Duchess which includes only one character, the rich man. This poem may be less egotistical but still just as sinister, unpleasant and inclusive of death. He falls deeply in love with Porphyria and wishing that time would stand still he took her hair in one long string, and wound it Three times her little throat around, And strangled her. Unlike seeing her as an object, he sees her as a wonderful woman, on a higher level, but the twist is whilst they are in such deep love with each other he kills her. This may be seen as selfish as in the last poem but she loved him too so in his twisted mind it was fine to keep this moment where they love each other forever, and to do this he kills her. He still is in just as much praise of her as before and believes she is such a brilliant woman. Like the last poem this is sinister, but is very passionate. To His Coy Mistress is also very passionate, but is not cold like the others. It is more for comic purposes as the way in which the man talks to the mistress to get her in bed with him is comic. My vegetable love should grow Vaster than empires, and more slow; An hundred years should go to praise. He rudely and comically uses vegetable love as a metaphor for his penis erecting and then says how he wants to praise her. The first stanza therefore is all about the lustful man saying that if there was time enough he would spend it praising her. This is all very comic and would seem so to the coy lady. I believe it would make her laugh and blush and the man to her would seem witty and appealing. However, unlike in the last poem where the woman is seen as a wonderful woman who is on a higher level, here he is trying to reduce her and bring her down to his level and in to his bed, literally. It retains however the passion. This passion is in the form of lust and Porphyrias Lover is more passion in the form of love, however disturbing it may be. In conclusion love in these poems is portrayed in a number of different ways. My Last Duchess is very cold poem where the woman is objectified and there is a distorted view of love. There is also little passion shown. Porphyrias lover is quite a passionate poem, which portrays the woman as respectable and brilliant. However the love becomes sinister as in My last Duchess. To his Coy Mistress is much more light hearted than the others and is comic. The poem is quite passionate, but lust is the form of passion and that is not true love, but a love that like in My Last Duchess objectifies the woman. Also the women in the two poems are seen as less important as in Porphyrias Lover which represents the woman as the most important thing in the world. Therefore Browning poems are more sinister and different to Marvell which is more like Donne as their poems are more co mic and lustful.

Any topic you choose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Any topic you choose - Essay Example The internet is therefore effectively closing the gap between the buyer and the seller by eliminating the intermediaries or the middlemen. Almost every type of product or service is now available on the net. Be it the airlines, travel industry, books, groceries, toiletries, tax consultants, news media, health care services etc. they are all available on the net, allowing the user to compare different offers and select the best one without actually going to the market place. The term1 "e-business" was coined by Lou Gerstner, CEO of IBM. Today leading online stores and companies have moved beyond the 'one-size-fits-all' approach to 'customization' and internet relationship. Amazon.com, the online book store seems to have adopted this approach quite well in an endeavor to reach out to the book lovers from all over the world. Amazon.com aspires to be2 'earth's most customer centric company; to build a place where people can come to find and discover anything they might want to buy online. Having started its journey since July 1995, the company has earned a distinct identity for itself in online retailing. Since the reach of internet knows no boundaries, it helped amazon.com in diversifying its range of offerings, which further helped in strengthening its image internationally.

The Resilience of Affirmative Action and Its Still Relevant Today Research Paper

The Resilience of Affirmative Action and Its Still Relevant Today - Research Paper Example Various executive officials curtailed the enforcement of racial equality. Various government agencies, universities and corporations curtailed racial diversity. During this period, affirmative action grew stronger and more resilient. Affirmative action was shaped by a combination of normative and coercive factors within academic institutions. Universities emphasized the need for racial diversity and equality within their institutions. Civil rights activists and diversity professionals have contributed heavily to the creation and implementation of frameworks that courts later implemented. The growth of affirmative action was countered by the rise in racial conservatism. The achievement of civil rights movements led to the institutionalization of equality in large organizations. Most universities began to implement affirmative action policies voluntarily in order to create racial equality and counter social segregation. Post-secondary education treats white, black and Hispanic students differently, leading to racial inequality within institutions and the wastage of talent (Lipson, 2014). Scholars have developed theories to explain policy development over the years. Coercive isomorphism emphasizes the influence of external interests on the operations of some institutions. The approach defines bureaucratic institutions as easily influenced by organized interest groups. Another approach emphasizes the influence of law and envisions institutions as complying with legal reforms and judicial decisions. The structure of political institutions and historical contingent political processes has a crucial role in shaping policy development. Another approach states that policy development can be attributed to both voluntary and coerced approaches. The neoinstitutional theory emphasizes the need to evolve organizational policies and practices in order to apply

Peru Research Paper Essay Example for Free

Peru Research Paper Essay Madison Spence 17 February 2013 Spanish 2312 Professor Elsa Coronado-Salinas Santa Rosa de Lima The country of Peru is home to many holidays and festivals each year. From the New Year’s Day celebration to the Christmas day celebration, Peru has set aside an abundance of days to observe the country’s many historic events. A very popular holiday in the country is Santa Rosa de Lima which takes place each year on August 30. The holiday dates back to the 17th century and celebrates the death of the patroness of Lima, Santa Rosa. Santa Rosa was born on April 20, 1586 by the name of Isabel, but was later nick-named Rosa because of her looks and her rosy cheeks. She spent a majority of her childhood in the small town of Quive, in the hills of Lima. As Rosa grew up, she became extremely religious and started practicing very extreme forms of religion. She grew up to be a very very beautiful woman, but she came to resent her looks. She did everything to ‘undo’ her beauty. She fasted herself, cut her hair, and wore a thorn crown to divert attention away from her beautiful looks and towards God. Rosa wanted to join a monastery but her family was too poor to afford it so she moved away from her family and into a cottage she built herself. Rosa’s days consisted of praying and feeding and caring for the sick and poor people in her town. She sold flowers and needlework to support herself and her family. At the age of 20, Rosa was let into the â€Å"Third Order† without having to pay for it. Her religious practices took on a new extreme as she gave up all normal food and lived off of bread and water as well as herbs and juices from plants that she grew in her own garden. She constantly wore a metal crown around her head and an iron chain around her waist. After keeping up with this behavior for fourteen years, Rosa died at the young age of 31 on August 24, 1617. She was worshipped by so many people that all of the religious groups and public authorities attended her funeral. She was originally buried at the Dominican Convent but her remains were soon moved to the Church of Santo Domingo. She was later named the first saint in the New World by Pope Clemente X. Her shrine is still located inside the St. Dominic Convent in Lima. The holiday is a very celebrated day across the country, but has more of an emphasis in the city of Santa Rosa de Quives which lies in the Lima Highlands. Worshippers group together in a shelter in the middle of the city and is known as a day of feast in Peru. It is also tradition to drop a letter of good will into the tree that Santa Rosa tossed her key. Even though she died on August 24, her death is celebrated by feasting on August 30 because a Saint was already celebrated on the day of her actual death Easy, Lima, ed. Santa Rosa De Lima. Lima City Travel Guide. LimaEasy SAC, 03/009/2011. Web. 28 Jun 2012. http://www.limaeasy.com/index.php Peru Celebrates Santa Rosa de Lima. A Global World. A Global World, 2012. Web. 28 Jun 2012. .

Gender Analysis of Anna and the King Essay -- Movie Film Anna King ess

Gender Analysis of Anna and the King If you are not the lead elephant, the scenery never changes. (Moonshee, Anna’s servant) One of the main issues in â€Å"Anna and the King† is the differences between men and women. What is less obvious is that those differences are of two types: the existing inequality of the social status of men and women, and the ways in which men and women try to deal with (end or prolong) this inequality. First of all, let us observe the structure of the Thai society. Men occupy the dominant position in all aspects of life from top to bottom of the Thai social structure. The King rules the society, and men enforce all the laws and government regulations (we see no women participating in the King’s council or in any government office). In addition to that, the ritual and custom behavior point to the humiliating position of women in Thai culture. According to Prince Chulalongkorn, men never apologize to women. The body language of the relationship between the two genders in the movie indicates that a woman always bows in the presence of a man and usually stays bowed until he dismisses her. All these customs, laws, and regulations separate Thai society into two unequal classes: men and women. In the situation of inequality, there is always a group of people who are not satisfied with the life around them. We will call them the agents of change. Although, the women in Thai society are very submissive, we can observe the attempts to change their life and/or social status. For example, the slave woman acts directly. She pays money to her mistress to buy her freedom (i.e. to change her life). She is acting according to the law that â€Å"bond-servants have the right to buy their own freedom.† However, her a... ...country to change: the King. He invites the â€Å"imperialistic† teacher to teach his eldest son. Why? In the letter confirming Anna’s employment, the King says that he wanted Siam â€Å"to take its place among the nations of the modern world.† As a man and as a king, he acts very carefully. He wants to ensure that in his country â€Å"no man is above the law.† He does not make any extraordinary changes, but he allows Anna to teach his children anything she wants (he knows Anna’s liberal position). His decision determines the future of Siam: his son abolishes slavery, institutes religious freedom and reforms the judicial system. In conclusion, we should say that it does not matter how big the social separation between men and women is and how unequal their statuses are – there are always ways to make that gap smaller, but this requires efforts on the part of both men and women. Gender Analysis of Anna and the King Essay -- Movie Film Anna King ess Gender Analysis of Anna and the King If you are not the lead elephant, the scenery never changes. (Moonshee, Anna’s servant) One of the main issues in â€Å"Anna and the King† is the differences between men and women. What is less obvious is that those differences are of two types: the existing inequality of the social status of men and women, and the ways in which men and women try to deal with (end or prolong) this inequality. First of all, let us observe the structure of the Thai society. Men occupy the dominant position in all aspects of life from top to bottom of the Thai social structure. The King rules the society, and men enforce all the laws and government regulations (we see no women participating in the King’s council or in any government office). In addition to that, the ritual and custom behavior point to the humiliating position of women in Thai culture. According to Prince Chulalongkorn, men never apologize to women. The body language of the relationship between the two genders in the movie indicates that a woman always bows in the presence of a man and usually stays bowed until he dismisses her. All these customs, laws, and regulations separate Thai society into two unequal classes: men and women. In the situation of inequality, there is always a group of people who are not satisfied with the life around them. We will call them the agents of change. Although, the women in Thai society are very submissive, we can observe the attempts to change their life and/or social status. For example, the slave woman acts directly. She pays money to her mistress to buy her freedom (i.e. to change her life). She is acting according to the law that â€Å"bond-servants have the right to buy their own freedom.† However, her a... ...country to change: the King. He invites the â€Å"imperialistic† teacher to teach his eldest son. Why? In the letter confirming Anna’s employment, the King says that he wanted Siam â€Å"to take its place among the nations of the modern world.† As a man and as a king, he acts very carefully. He wants to ensure that in his country â€Å"no man is above the law.† He does not make any extraordinary changes, but he allows Anna to teach his children anything she wants (he knows Anna’s liberal position). His decision determines the future of Siam: his son abolishes slavery, institutes religious freedom and reforms the judicial system. In conclusion, we should say that it does not matter how big the social separation between men and women is and how unequal their statuses are – there are always ways to make that gap smaller, but this requires efforts on the part of both men and women.

Workforce Diversity Definition

Workplace diversity is a people issue, focused on the differences and similarities that people bring to an organization. It is usually defined broadly to include dimensions beyond those specified legally in equal opportunity and affirmative action non-discrimination statutes. Diversity is often interpreted to include dimensions which influence the identities and perspectives that people bring, such as profession, education, parental status and geographic location.Benefits of workforce diversity. Best available talent.Older employees can bring experience and a strong work ethic to the university.Lecturers from other countries, often have an exceptional education, here or abroad, in science and more technical fields.Universities that provide equal opportunities to all workers can select, interview, screen and hire the most educated and experienced workers.More effective execution. Operate more effectively than less-diverse universities due to collective education and experience. Inspire their employees, lecturers and students to perform to the best of their ability.Experienced and educated people tend to be better at planning, time management, goal setting, work delegation and projects completed on time. Negative impacts of workforce diversity.Unresolved conflict.Lecturers and students that come from different cultural backgrounds have different perspectives on how to handle issues or concerns that arise. No parallel understandings between lecturers, students and workers prohi bit effective resolution of conflicts.Poor communication.Different countries and different native languages of students and lecturers prohibit clear and meaningful communication between them.Train the family of the university on cultural awareness and tolerance of differences to encourage them to openly discuss their different viewpoints on things as opposed to avoiding interaction or getting into conflict.Examples of workforce diversity in International Islamic University Malaysia.Lecturers. Many lecturers of IIUM come from different countries such as Russia, Japan, Uzbekistan, Bangladesh and so on. Workforce diversity allows IIUM to choose the IONbest lecturers to serve and educate their students.Students. Students of IIUM not only come from local citizens but also come from other countries such as Brunei Darussalam, Middle East countries and others. IIUM only selects the best students to be in this university. Workforce Diversity Definition Workplace diversity is a people issue, focused on the differences and similarities that people bring to an organization. It is usually defined broadly to include dimensions beyond those specified legally in equal opportunity and affirmative action non-discrimination statutes. Diversity is often interpreted to include dimensions which influence the identities and perspectives that people bring, such as profession, education, parental status and geographic location.Benefits of workforce diversity. Best available talent.Older employees can bring experience and a strong work ethic to the university.Lecturers from other countries, often have an exceptional education, here or abroad, in science and more technical fields.Universities that provide equal opportunities to all workers can select, interview, screen and hire the most educated and experienced workers.More effective execution. Operate more effectively than less-diverse universities due to collective education and experience. Inspire their employees, lecturers and students to perform to the best of their ability.Experienced and educated people tend to be better at planning, time management, goal setting, work delegation and projects completed on time. Negative impacts of workforce diversity.Unresolved conflict.Lecturers and students that come from different cultural backgrounds have different perspectives on how to handle issues or concerns that arise. No parallel understandings between lecturers, students and workers prohi bit effective resolution of conflicts.Poor communication.Different countries and different native languages of students and lecturers prohibit clear and meaningful communication between them.Train the family of the university on cultural awareness and tolerance of differences to encourage them to openly discuss their different viewpoints on things as opposed to avoiding interaction or getting into conflict.Examples of workforce diversity in International Islamic University Malaysia.Lecturers. Many lecturers of IIUM come from different countries such as Russia, Japan, Uzbekistan, Bangladesh and so on. Workforce diversity allows IIUM to choose the IONbest lecturers to serve and educate their students.Students. Students of IIUM not only come from local citizens but also come from other countries such as Brunei Darussalam, Middle East countries and others. IIUM only selects the best students to be in this university.

The Experience of Swimming

The Experience of Swimming What is Swimming? Swimming is a sport or activity of moving one’s body through water. I will be writing about my experiences of swimming, good and bad. Personally, I love swimming because I love being in the water. I started swimming when I was 6 years old. And at first I thought that swimming was a scary thing to do, but it was a fun experience. First, I’m going to tell you about my bad experience about swimming. When I was about 4 years old; and it was the time that I didn’t know how to swim. So a kid who was being a jerk pushed me into a pool.When falling into the pool, the water pushed me down from all sides. Like splashing around for no reason; though it looked like I’m having trouble. In the water, pushing up, down, left and right as nothing made any sense to me. The more I struggled, the more I get disoriented as I pushed myself up with my arms and legs. As I couldn’t find leverage, I was slowing going under into th e deep blue. My lungs burned for more air as my ears shocks and numbs. As how it felt that I tried to keep the air in me, it burst out of my mouth as bubbles reaching up the surface of the pool.My face was looking up; gasping for air. Not knowing what would happen next, everything around me just turned black. Complete utter darkness with no sound at all. But then again, there was a light coming towards to me. It wants me to come back. Through my unconscious state, I went there and woke up: coughing out water from the concrete floor. As I opened my eyes, it was blurry and I could hear again. Hearing my parents’ cry and also the other kid’s parents shouting at him. For what he did wrong, he was also crying. As for the person who had saved me from the pool of darkness, was my cousin.She just got back home from school and noticed that I was at the pool. So she just quickly ran to the pool, threw her backpack and took off her shoes to dive in and get me out quickly. Thanks to her, I was brought back alive but fear of swimming took place in my mind. Scared and frightened I was. Next, I’m going to tell you about my good experience about swimming. To overcome my fear from swimming, I had to go back into that pool where I was drowned. When entering the pool, it feels as if ice is circulating around the body. Then later on, I feel warm all of a sudden.It felt weird. In the pool, I am about two and a half feet above the water; I stare at it, and it stares right back at me. When the wind started to blow, it feels cool and chill around my wet body. As I was still in the water, there was a scent of chlorine. From the height of the pool, the black tile that runs down the center of every lane appears to me as a runway. In just a few seconds I will be moving down that runway, trying to take off above the water. My eyes will be focused on that tile, to make sure I am in the center of my lane.I can see the water grinning and laughing at me now; I am standing on the block with my knees almost to the point of shaking. Right now, it is so calm and smooth, beckoning me to dive in. But in just a few seconds, I gave into diving underwater. It was awesome to the point that it felt a wave pushing through you. It was a good experience I had for swimming. Though I had horrible experience swimming when I was young, over the years I've learned to conquer and overcome the fear of swimming, as I grew older. All in all, swimming was a fun experience in the end. And as what I’ve become now, I still love swimming.

Dont You Dare Screw Up Professor Ramos Blog

Dont You Dare Screw Up My heart was pounding out of my chest as I headed over to the office. Why was corporate asking to see me in private? I had been helping open up the newest Miguel’s Jr with all of corporate as well as the founders out in Woodcrest, CA. It was the one day that I had arrived to work late. Seven minutes late to be exact. As I knocked on the heavy white door with reflective windows, I prepared to be scolded or even worse, to receive my very first write up. My manager Larissa opened the door and said to me â€Å"Come in, Christianne. I’ve been wanting to talk to you about something.† I shut the door and waited for the worst to happen. Larissa had always intimidated me. She was about 5’1, had bright red hair and a reputation for being the meanest member of corporate. She broke the intoxicating silence by saying â€Å"I’m just going to get right to the point. I know that you’re only 17, but we’ve been watching you work, and we think that you would be the perfect candidate to be part of our management team. Would it be something that you would be interested in?† I stood there for a second, a little speechless. â€Å"Me?† I asked. â€Å"I would love to! I thought you were going to write me up because I was late today.† She laughed to herself and responded, â€Å"No, being a few minutes late is completely alright. It happens to the best of us. I’ll have one of the managers print out your schedule. You’ll most likely be starting out in Moreno Valley on Monday.† When Monday finally rolled around, I dressed in a royal blue, button down dress shirt with the company logo on the chest, black dress pants and of course, the standard black slip resistant shoes that everyone in the restaurant industry are required to wear. I had never felt so official. I went over the standard protocols, responsibilities and manager menus with my superior Maricela who was an incredibly sweet Hispanic mother of two with light brown hair up until it was time to send the drive thru cashier on her break because it is illegal for anyone to work over 6 hours without getting a break. I spent the next forty-five minutes ringing up cars and then giving them their food until one of our regulars Tom, who was a middle-aged Caucasian man pulled up in a silver Chevy Silverado. â€Å"Why are you wearing blue but everyone else is wearing green?† he asked. â€Å"Oh, uhh†¦ I guess I’m the manager.† I responded awkwardly as my face turned bright red. â€Å"Y ou guess you’re the manager?† he asked me back. â€Å"Yeah, I guess. It’s kind of my first day as a manager so I don’t really know what I’m doing.† He laughed at that and told me â€Å"My wife and I have been coming here ever since your very first day and have seen potential in you. You’ve always been so helpful and friendly. Don’t worry about the little thing or even about messing up. That’s just a part of life. You’re going to be a great manager.† A few months and many complaints later, I received a phone call from Larissa. This time she said â€Å"I’ve heard that you’ve been doing a really good job in your management position. I don’t know if you’ve heard but we just promoted your coworker Antonio to a manager too. Would you like to help us out by training him?† Antonio was one of my closest friends at the time. He was around 5’11†, had black hair that he consistently had spiked and wore glasses. â€Å"Of course, I’ll help you train him! I can’t promise that I’ll be able to teach him everything since I’m kind of learning how to do a lot of stuff myself, but I’ll try to do my best.† Part of our routine as managers is to keep at least $2,000 in our safe and at least $280 in our change bags. At the beginning of every shift, we are required to count all of the money to make sure there is nothing missing and then to lock it up in our floor safe at the end of the night, as long as everything is there. On my first night closing as a trainer, I had showed Antonio how to count the drawers. I also taught him how to use our money counting machine, how to print up our daily revenue slips, and how to cash out registers. We put all of the money in the floor safe, restocked everything, clocked all of the employees out, and then went home. The next morning at around 6:15, I was awoken by a phone call. As I looked at the caller ID and it read ‘Work’ I thought to myself, â€Å"Dang it, I must’ve taken the key for the front doors home again.† I answered the phone and Maricela answered, â€Å"Hey Christianne, I just wanted to let you know that you didn’t lock up the safe last night.† My heart dropped so fast. â€Å"What? Are you kidding me?† I squeaked. I knew that I was in big trouble and that I definitely deserved getting my first write up. â€Å"It’s okay. It’s happened to me before. I’m not going to write you or Antonio up this time. Just really make sure that you double check or even triple check that you locked up the safe whenever you close.† Not only did I mess up by not double checking the safe, but I almost got my coworker/friend Antonio in trouble too. No matter how much you think you know, or how long you’ve worked in a certain position, you will never know everything and will always have the possibility of screwing things up. Being promoted as a manager was one of the most rewarding promotions that I have ever been given. I’ve been a manager for three years now and still learn something new every day thanks to those around me as well as from my own mistakes. If Larissa hadn’t seen potential in me and given me the opportunity to grow as a leader. Having regulars as supportive as Tom, gave me the confidence to be learn new things. He ensured me that even if you mess up, it’s not the end of the world. People mess up, it’s just the way life is. Through my management position, I learned that everything, whether it be failing to check that the floor safe is locked or even forgetting somebody’s taco can be turned into a learning experience. Most of all, my management position taught me to always stay positive because people thrive off of positivity.

Using Forest Fire Weather to Prevent Forest Fires.

Using Forest Fire Weather to Prevent Forest Fires. Predicting Wildfire Behavior Using Weather Data Predicting wildfire behavior is as much an art as it is a science and very much based on understanding weather conditions that influence wildfire. Even seasoned firefighters have trouble reading fire behavior and in predicting a forest fires potential threat to property and lives. One tool at a fire bosses disposal is USDA Forest Services Wildland Fire Assessment System. Wildland Fire Assessment System Daily bits of information are compiled at 1,500 weather stations throughout the United States and Alaska. The values of this data are used in assessing current wildfire conditions and you can find valuable information on the Internet. Every incident command center should have an  Internet connection to these sites. USDA Forest Services Wildland Fire Assessment System provides the support and supplies fire weather and mapping sources. Fire Danger Maps A fire danger rating map is developed using current and historical weather and fuel data. These data are transferred to models to give present condition information and also predicts what may happen tomorrow. Maps are developed to give a visual presentation of the potential danger of fire in a particular region. Fire Weather Observations and Next Day Forecasts Observation maps are developed from the fire weather network. The latest observations include the 10 minute average wind, the 24-hour rain total, the temperature, the relative humidity, and the dew point. There are next day forecasts displayed as maps as well. Live Fuel Moisture/Greenness Maps A fuel moisture index is a tool that is widely used to understand the fire potential for locations across the country. Fuel moisture is a measure of the amount of water in a fuel (vegetation) available to a  fire  and is expressed as a percent of the dry weight of that specific fuel. Living fuels  play a major part in the potential of fire. Vegetative Greenness is a major determinant and predictor of fire spread. The greener the vegetation, the lower the fire potential. This map depicts the green you would expect to see from the air. Dead Fuel Moisture Fire potential is heavily dependent on dead fuel moisture  in forest fuels. There are four classes of dead fuel moisture - 10-hour, 100-hour, 1000-hour. When you have a drying of 1000-hour fuels, you have major potential for fire problems until a general soaking occurs. Wildfire Drought Maps There are several maps that depict drought as determined by measuring soil and duff moisture. The Keetch-Byram Drought Index measures soil capacity to absorb water. Another index is the Palmer Drought Index which is linked to the National Climate Center Regional and updated weekly. Atmospheric Stability Maps The stability term is derived from the temperature difference at two-atmosphere levels. The moisture term is derived from the dew point depression at a single atmosphere level. This Haines Index has been shown to be correlated with large fire growth on initiating and existing fires where surface winds do not dominate fire behavior.

(Employment and Society) Discuss the significance of the psychological Essay

(Employment and Society) Discuss the significance of the psychological contract for the occurrence of emotional issues in the work situation - Essay Example bserved that each year more and more managers turn to these contracts to maintain and retain motivation in their workforce to achieve higher efficiency, effectiveness and productivity. An unspoken contract between the organization and the job holder begins at the recruitment level. This contract also plays a central role to maintain a healthier relationship between the manager and the job holder. As the nature of the employment changes, so does the psychological contract. Once the organization and the job holder get a thorough and deep understanding of the changing nature of the contract, it benefits both the parties, employers and employees. Psychological contract is the best way to understand and get a deeper knowledge regarding human responses, because these responses may result in some ambiguous challenges if not learned. This is a contract which proves to be really beneficial to control the emotional issues that are experienced in a work situation. Dealing with problematic issues between employers and employees, it makes their relationship stronger, removes communication barriers between them and results in increased efficiency, from both parties. This contract works well in both small and large groups within an organization. The issues which are emotionally laden can be treated and covered by this psychological contract. Unlike legal contracts, these psychological contracts have unspoken expectations. A psychological contract profoundly affects one thing the most - loyalty. It is because of this contract that parties expect, in one way or the other, that they need each other. This leads to interdependency among them and there is no doubt that interdependency is a key to manage dependency in a very mature relationship. The working staff will be able to answer one important question: ‘Who needs who and what?’ This helps in resolving many emotional issues in a workplace. Psychological contracts help an individual to maintain the right psychological

Gays should have the same rights as married couples Assignment

Gays should have the same rights as married couples - Assignment Example In America, gay rights have become a central battle in their culture because of the growing acceptance of homosexual relationships that has led to direct threat to dominant Christian norms regarding sex and sexuality. Many people accept marriage as being a union between heterosexuals and this begs the question to define sexes. There are those who define marriage as a religious rite, hence legalizing gay marriage will constitute sacrilege of some level and state intrusion to religious matter. It is untrue to state, and undemonstratable that gay marriage is harmful; on the contrary, gay marriage may benefit us in several ways. Arguments for and against Gay Marriage Marriage between two people who love each other is essential in providing physical and psychological benefits. Research was carried out and it found out that preventing gay couples from marrying might result in psychological problems. When these couples get married, they get access to social support that is essential in faci litating and strengthening heterosexual marriages with the help of psychological and psychical benefits that are associated with that support. Alternatively, gay unions accelerate assimilation of gay couples to a mainstream of heterosexual cultures, which can seize to exist if the gap resent between the experience witnessed between gay and heterosexual is reduced. There are varieties of means that has been used to suppress people who are against same sex marriage (Corvino and Gallagher, 2012). Marriage is therefore, summarized as a means of adopting heterosexual form of family while giving up gay families as well as gay cultures. Majority of gay couples insist the absence of a thing known as traditional marriage, and with the prevalence of both modern and ancient family examples that were nuclear, polygamous, community child rearing, concubines, mistresses, prostitution, etc. are among the unnatural evolutionary thoughts. In comparison, most marriages currently are threatened by hig h rates of divorce. Research carried out in 2008 suggested that 40% to 50% of marriages end up in divorce while 40.6% of babies currently born are born by single mothers; therefore, gay marriage should be banned to prevent weakening of marriage institution. The constitution, by trying to reinforce both equality and liberty to its citizens has given protection to gay couples. This was evident in 1974 when the case of Cleveland vs LaFleur where the verdict given by the court was to declared marriage as personal choice of a person. Vaughn Walker who was a US District Judge wrote on 4 August 2010 that Prop.8 in the state of California that bans gay marriage was not constitutional under the Due process Clause. Another argument against gay marriage is that it leads to slippery floor that will end up giving people polygamous, bestial, among other relationships that are not traditionally recognized an opportunity to marry one another. Glen Lavy, a senior counsel wrote on the 28th day of May 2008 about polygamy movement posing to take advantage of the success of homosexual relations to springboard de-institutionalization of marriage. Another reason gay couples demand their rights to have marital benefits similar to heterosexual couples is that by denying them the right to marry stigmatizes the gay families as being inferior as well as the act of discriminating these type of family as acceptable. Supreme Court

IN6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

IN6 - Essay Example Inspirations appear from the region of controlling configurations of ground or in-flight vehicles with purposes in air travel organize, satellite grouping, mechanical highways, movable robotics and movable sensor networks. One of the major aims is to attain a synchronized purpose while employing merely confined information. Due to their recurrent expression in multi-agent schemes, active networks have previously established considerable attention. In a determination of local connectedness of a network is brought in that below positive conditions is enough for global connectedness (Alben et al, 2002). This main focus of this paper is to see this technique in organizational management prospective. In an era when "always accessible, forever connected" has turn out to be the standard anticipation in business, benevolent employees the aptitude to access appliance and real-time data and information could be serious for a companys continued existence. Though a number of industries applications are inexorably client based, a lot of of the center business procedure applications, like that CRM, sales strength automation, and electronic mail, are network based facilities and utilities. In addition, in business situations where teamwork and information distribution are serious, it commonly creates the most intelligence to influence the corporate network as an electronic warehouse of information and possessions. In both of these statements, offering Distributed connectivity and real-time access to the mainly current information be able to be serious to member of employees effectiveness and, normally, to the fulfillment of the enterprises clientele (Deshmukh et al, 1993). This section elaborates why we need this technique for the original management? Here it is described that how this technique can provide effective project management approach and facilitate the project manager. While end-to-end direct connectivity was a necessity

Simons Stigmata In Lord of the Flies Essay Example for Free

Simons Stigmata In Lord of the Flies Essay In William Goldings novel, Lord of the Flies, the character Simon portrays many characteristics similar to those demonstrated by Jesus in the bible. He is shown to have all the qualities that Jesus has: determination, intelligence and resilience. Even his physical appearance portrays Christ since he is skinny and not much of a tough person. Simon was very calm and caring for others, especially with the little children and enjoyed being alone when he could. Simon embodies a pure spiritual human goodness that is deeply connected with nature and people around him as Jesus did with his disciples. Both Jesus and Simon had prophecies about things to come, and they were both persecuted and were ridiculed of for sharing those prophecies. Whereas Ralph and Jack stand at opposite ends of the scale between civilization and savagery, Simon stands on an entirely different plane from all the other boys. Unlike all the other boys on the island, Simon acts with kindness and purity because he believes in the inherent value of morality. He behaves kindly toward the younger children, and he is the first to realize the problem posed by the beast, that the monster on the island is not real or something that can be hunted down and killed. It isnt physical but rather a savagery that lurks within each human being. In Golding’s view, the human impulse toward civilization is not as deeply entrenched as the human impulse toward savagery. Despite the fact that Simon is one of the smallest biguns he never follows the others way of thinking, nor backs down when it comes to speaking up for himself. One such occasion where he shows his defiance of the others beliefs is when he says to everyone, I think we ought to climb the mountain. (page 128) This shows that he knows the beast isnt real and he shows no fear of the unknown. Jesus called people to do things they thought would be simply impossible just as Simon did, and the fact that not even the stronger boys had the courage to do it shows how assured Simon is to his morals. Simon was sacrificed during the ritual dance so that the other boys could live. Simon was killed by all the boys in an excruciating way and claimed that it wasnt really him. Everyone but Ralph thought that Simon was the beast, and didn’t think twice before attacking him. Ralph knew it was Simon they killed, and he realized how everyone was acting like wild creatures. Also the way Simon was shown in the movie after he died showed him as a Christ-figure in the story; Simon dies on water that is calm and peaceful, as the light reflected off the water it gave a kind of feeling of holiness. Simon’s body was carried out by the waves and the way he was floating with his arms stretched out, replicates the way that Jesus died on the cross. Throughout the story, Simon is shown to have a very strong connection with Jesus by his actions of kindness. He displayed as a person with divine ties with Christ and a reminder that purity is everywhere, even when all hopes seem to be gone. The many occurrences Simon gains the courage to speak up and show how smart, intelligent he really is makes a huge impact on everyone. Simon, like Christ, was never evil and always helped others out with what he could. Simon symbolizes and demonstrates a sort a purity that goes beyond human goodness. However, his brutal murder at the hands of the other boys designates the lack of that goodness in people against an overwhelming abundance of evil that lies deep within each and everyone one of us.

Great Expectations by Charles Dickens :: Great Expectations Essays

Great Expectations by Charles Dickens Coursework Question: In the extract where Pip, a boy from a very humble background meets Miss Havisham, a rich but eccentric lady dickens wants the reader to feel sympathetic towards Pip. How does he make us feel this way? In this assignment, I will analyse, discuss and comment on the techniques Charles Dickens (Dickens) uses as a writer to gain sympathy for the main character Pip. I will look closely at setting, language, characterisation, the opening and closing of the extract. I will also quote ideas and phrases from the text to help me analyse and explain. Pip, the main character, is a lonely orphaned child. He lives with his sister and her husband the blacksmith. We know that Pip’s family is poor because they live of a blacksmith wages, not very much. The novel is set in the Victorian era where social status played a major role in daily life; we see this in the novel. Pip’s sister brought him up by ‘hand’ and finds he is a burden on her. Dickens chose to make the main character, Pip, lonely and poor to gain our sympathy. This novel is written in the voice first person, as if it were Pip telling the story. Dickens wrote this novel from Pip’s point of view. Pip is telling us the story when he is much older, as if he were thinking back to when he was a child. The fact that Dickens chose to make Pip, the main character, the narrator instead of another character creates a bond between Pip and us, the readers. In this extract Pip is sent by Mr Pumblechook, a distant relative, to see Miss Havisham (Havisham). Mr Pumblechook is not of higher class, but mingles well with them. Mr Pumblechook believes Havisham will take to Pip like she took to Estella, which would secure Pip’s future. Although another reason is that Pips sister finds he is a burden on her and wouldn’t mind getting rid of him. Pip is warned to behave, as Havisham is of higher social class and his sister doesn’t want him to ruin his chances. When Pip enters Havisham’s house we have hope for Pip that Havisham will take to him like she did to Estella. Havisham, as she is of higher, lives in a more lavish house than Pip. Dickens uses the setting to gain sympathy and to keep us interested. Pip enters a large room, he very observant. For example he mentions, ‘pretty large room, well lighted with wax candles.’ The description creates a mental image in our minds of where he is, immediately we

Parenting Styles in the Family Crucible

The Family Crucible: The Intense Experience of Family Therapy In The Family Crucible, a unique way of looking at family therapy is used. This approach probably would not be something that would be done by therapist now. The more that we study systemic approaches the less I believe that there are any individual problems. With that being said there is a long reach that effects of parenting has on a child. * . Describe how Carolyn and David fit in terms of authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive forms of parenting. * Authoritative parents set clear and consistent limits for children.They are flexible but firm, whichs leads to children who are responsible, cooperative, and self reliant. * There are almost as many parenting â€Å"styles† in the world as there are parents. However, most experts have classified parenting styles into three main categories: authoritarian, permissive and authoritative. If you are aiming to raise a self-reliant, pleasant, well-behaved child, the aut horitative parent will generally have the most success. * What is Authoritative Parenting? * Authoritative parents exercise control over their children, without being controlling.They set rules and guidelines that they expect children to follow. But they also recognize that sometimes flexibility is called for. Authoritative parents often express love and affection to their children, without fear that such expressions of emotion may affect their ability to discipline. As their children get older, authoritative parents encourage more responsibility and freedom, within well-outlined rules. The American Academy of Pediatrics and other children's health organizations state that children of authoritative parents usually grow up to be independent, socially successful, and respectful of authority. This style is sometimes also referred to as an indulgent or non-directive parenting style.* The inconsistency of the permissive parenting style often leaves devoted parents grieving for their pare nting mistakes. * Permissive parents have the belief that really showing their child love and feeling their love, in return, is their ultimate goal in parenting. * They do love their children and are highly bonded to them. But their relationship is one of equals rather than as parents to children. * To gain compliance from their children they will often resort to gift giving and even out right ribery, rather than setting boundaries and expecting obedience. * Permissive means to be lenient, liberal, lax and hands-off. During the 1960s, developmental psychologist Diana Baumrind described three different types of parenting styles based on her researcher with preschool-age children. One of the main parenting styles identified by Baumrind is known as the authoritarian parenting style. Authoritarian parents have high expectations of their children and have very strict rules that they expect to be followed unconditionally.According to Baumrind, these parents â€Å"are obedience- and statu s-oriented, and expect their orders to be obeyed without explanation. † People with this parenting style often utilize punishment rather than discipline, but are not willing or able to explain the reasoning behind their rules. Characteristics of the Authoritarian Parenting Style Authoritarian parents: * Have strict rules and expectations. * Very demanding, but not responsive. * Don't express much warmth or nurturing. * Utilize punishments with little or no explanation. Don't give children choices or options. The Effects of Authoritarian Parenting Parenting styles have been associated with a variety of child outcomes including social skills and academic performance. The children of authoritarian parents: * Tend to associate obedience and success with love. * Some children display more aggressive behavior outside the home. * Others may act fearful or overly shy around others. * Often have lower self-esteem. * Have difficulty in social situations. Understanding Authoritarian Pare ntingBecause authoritarian parents expect absolute obedience, children raised in such settings are typically very good at following rules. However, they may lack self-discipline. Unlike children raised by authoritative parents, children raised by authoritarian parents are not encouraged to explore and act independently, so they never really learn how to set their own limits and personal standards. While developmental experts agree that rules and boundaries are important for children to have, most believe that authoritarian parenting is too punitive and lacks the warmth, unconditional love and nurturing that children need.References Baumrind, D. (1967). Child-care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 75, 43-88. Baumrind, D. (1991). The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use. Journal of Early Adolescence, 11(1), 56-95. Maccoby, E. E. (1992). The role of parents in the socialization of children: An hi storical overview. Developmental Psychology, 28, 1006-1017. Santrock, J. W. (2007). A topical approach to life-span development, third Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. I believe the authors’ were instrumental in providing a clear example of what the family really needed and searched for. The family needed to realize that in order for the family to make a real change they need to utilize a structure that included the entire family. They also needed to know that the therapists were completely serious and in control. Their stance was something I could completely agree upon. However, I do not agree that the family was trying to question their authority or provide a strategy to defeat the new system in which they were beginning to enter.Barring this, the authors’ posed a series of questions that they strongly believed the family was thinking. Did Don really wonder â€Å"will the family undertake changing the whole family without me? † Therefore, I did not agree with the as pect of â€Å"we know what you’re thinking†. I felt that this was too deep of an approach. The basic underlining problem of the family was that they did not know how to communicate and could not establish their own structure to allow their family system to operate in harmony.Another aspect of the text that I thought was fundamental and provided me with a different outlook on approaching a perceived problem was the way in which the two therapists began the therapy. The family entered into therapy by believing that Claudia was their entire problem and that her actions alone were the root of their dilemma. However, she was just the perceived problem. And in order for the parents to see that Claudia was only the perceived problem the therapists reversed the blame that the parents had projected on to their daughter.I believe this technique was most attractive. Through the art of helping the family to view their situation differently, the therapists initiated a second-order change allowing the family to step outside their norm and see that their failure in marriage was affecting their parenting. Thus, the therapists gave Claudia meaning while reducing her feeling of failure and at the same time proposed the more serious problem that the parents had slowly began drifting away from each other and suffered the impasse of a deadening marriage.In my view, once the fundamental problem of the marriage was introduced and the family began to realize that each had a role in a family system that was failing, many changes began to take place. Most importantly, I saw the problems associated with scapegoating the children fall by the wayside that allowed the parents to confront the hard issues they had so skillfully avoided through the dynamics they developed among themselves. It was good to see that confronting the parents with their underlining problem helped to reduce the polarization effect they were projecting on the family members around them.Now, this is not to say that all the issues disappeared instantly. There was still the fact that the parents triangulated the children in order to get reacquainted with their true feeling about one another. Likewise, a considerable amount of blame lingered throughout the entire therapy. And when the therapists tried to work the issues of blame, I had to disagree with there methods. It seemed as if they were constantly trying to evoke a confrontation between the two blaming individuals in order to get the family to surface their real feelings and issues.Consequently, when the confrontations turned into physical fights the therapists seemed surprised that such emotional distress took place. What more did they expect. I completely understood what they were trying to accomplish, however, I had a hard time understanding their methodology. As I look back through my notes, I noticed many of the same underlining factors that seemed to keep surfacing. First, both parents were consumed in the self. The father was constantly consumed with his work and the mother seemed completely bored with her life and wanted a change.Here is where I had difficulty in understanding the authors’ point of view. They thought that the parents were not consumed in the self, but just had difficulty showing affection toward the other. Now, I believe the there was a lack of affection, however, if they were any more consumed in doing what the self wanted this may lead to more difficulty when confronting the Other's’ wishes and the Self’s wants. I really got lost with this aspect. Another difficulty I have with the authors’ view on family therapy is the fact that they seemed to think that every issue was rooted in past family issues.This is a great aspect to try and tackle. However, trying to find out which issues in the past are the cause of the present problems can be very time consuming and expensive. I agree that this type of therapy can be revolutionary, but I do not believe that family therapy would be for everyone. Subsequently, I would also agree that this book did a great job illustrating why sometimes family therapy and not individual therapy can be the right solution. Maybe, this mixed message is why I still have opposing emotions about this very intriguing approach.Developmental psychologists have long been interested in how parents impact child development. However, finding actual cause-and-effect links between specific actions of parents and later behavior of children is very difficult. Some children raised in dramatically different environments can later grow up to have remarkably similar personalities. Conversely, children who share a home and are raised in the same environment can grow up to have astonishingly different personalities than one another. Despite these challenges, researchers have uncovered convincing links between parenting styles and the effects these styles have on children.During the early 1960s, psychologist Diana Baumrind condu cted a study on more than 100 preschool-age children (Baumrind, 1967). Using naturalistic observation, parental interviews and other research methods, she identified four important dimensions of parenting: * Disciplinary strategies * Warmth and nurturance * Communication styles * Expectations of maturity and control Based on these dimensions, Baumrind suggested that the majority of parents display one of three different parenting styles. Further research by also suggested the addition of a fourth parenting style (Maccoby & Martin, 1983).The Four Parenting Styles 1. Authoritarian Parenting In this style of parenting, children are expected to follow the strict rules established by the parents. Failure to follow such rules usually results in punishment. Authoritarian parents fail to explain the reasoning behind these rules. If asked to explain, the parent might simply reply, â€Å"Because I said so. † These parents have high demands, but are not responsive to their children. According to Baumrind, these parents â€Å"are obedience- and status-oriented, and expect their orders to be obeyed without explanation† (1991). 2. Authoritative ParentingLike authoritarian parents, those with an authoritative parenting style establish rules and guidelines that their children are expected to follow. However, this parenting style is much more democratic. Authoritative parents are responsive to their children and willing to listen to questions. When children fail to meet the expectations, these parents are more nurturing and forgiving rather than punishing. Baumrind suggests that these parents â€Å"monitor and impart clear standards for their children’s conduct. They are assertive, but not intrusive and restrictive. Their disciplinary methods are supportive, rather than punitive.They want their children to be assertive as well as socially responsible, and self-regulated as well as cooperative† (1991). 3. Permissive Parenting Permissive parents, sometimes referred to as indulgent parents, have very few demands to make of their children. These parents rarely discipline their children because they have relatively low expectations of maturity and self-control. According to Baumrind, permissive parents â€Å"are more responsive than they are demanding. They are nontraditional and lenient, do not require mature behavior, allow considerable self-regulation, and avoid confrontation† (1991).Permissive parents are generally nurturing and communicative with their children, often taking on the status of a friend more than that of a parent. 4. Uninvolved Parenting An uninvolved parenting style is characterized by few demands, low responsiveness and little communication. While these parents fulfill the child's basic needs, they are generally detached from their child's life. In extreme cases, these parents may even reject or neglect the needs of their children. The Impact of Parenting Styles What effect do these parenting styles have on child development outcomes?In addition to Baumrind's initial study of 100 preschool children, researchers have conducted numerous other studies than have led to a number of conclusions about the impact of parenting styles on children. * Authoritarian parenting styles generally lead to children who are obedient and proficient, but they rank lower in happiness, social competence and self-esteem. * Authoritive parenting styles tend to result in children who are happy, capable and successful (Maccoby, 1992). * Permissive parenting often results in children who rank low in happiness and self-regulation.These children are more likely to experience problems with authority and tend to perform poorly in school. * Uninvolved parenting styles rank lowest across all life domains. These children tend to lack self-control, have low self-esteem and are less competent than their peers. Why Do Parenting Styles Differ? After learning about the impact of parenting styles on child development, you may wonder why all parents simply don't utilize an authoritative parenting style. After all, this parenting style is the most likely to produce happy, confident and capable children.What are some reasons why parenting styles might vary? Some potential causes of these differences include culture, personality, family size, parental background, socioeconomic status, educational level and religion. Of course, the parenting styles of individual parents also combine to create a unique blend in each and every family. For example, the mother may display an authoritative style while the father favors a more permissive approach. In order to create a cohesive approach to parenting, it is essential that parents learn to cooperate as they combine various elements of their unique parenting styles.

A Letter from Ponyboy

Greetings to you! How are you, older brother?   It’s been quite a while since I sent you a letter. My mistake. Sorry for that. I’ve been busy for the last few weeks here insane Diego. My study is eating up most of my time. Right now, we are approaching already the finals week.A lot of requirements are already on my list. But don’t you worry brother, I am okay. I manage to keep healthy and strong despite the conflicts of time in my part-time job and schooling. And speaking of work, I have some good news for you. The manager of the food chain I am working at was impressed by my dedication to my job. In fact, I was chosen to be the crew of the month.Because of that, I got an additional compensation in my salary. Not too big, but large enough to spend for my thesis. It was a big help since I badly needed to finish my thesis as the final submission of it is nearing. Of course, I have to graduate this semester. That was my promise to you, right? Don’t worry, D arry. All of your spending for my schooling will finally come to an end. A month from now, I will be called â€Å"Lawyer Ponyboy Curtis†. However, I will not be able to reach this status if not because of you.Thank you so much, Darry. I really appreciate all the things you have done and sacrificed for me. I know that you don’t want to marry your fiancà ©e Lindsay until I haven’t finished my studies. But I told you for several times that you don’t need to do that. You don’t have to sacrifice your own happiness just for my sake. I can manage myself now. I am a man now.Being thirty years old is no longer young. But what did you do? You still insisted to pay half of my tuition. I told you to keep them for yourself and for your future. You, too, are no longer young. You must build a family of your own, just like what Sodapop did. You’re such a stubborn. No wonder why they called you Superman back then. You’re such a strong-willed person. But no matter how strong-willed you are, you must promise me that after my graduation, you will take care of your personal life.By the way, how’s work after being promoted as chief lieutenant of the Oklahoma Police Department? Doing well? How’s peace and security there? You know what, I’m very happy with your current situation, actually, with the situations of us three—you, Sodapop, and I. After the long battle between the Socs and the greasers, I was glad that you decided to study and be a cop.I haven’t told you this, but I want you to know now that you are my greatest idol. When I saw how you managed to study while working, I admire you. Aside from that, you managed to raise me and Sodapop well after that horrible loss of our parents. Thank you for that.What’s up with Sodapop, by the way? Have the two of you seen each other lately? I had the chance to meet him personally last month after he visited his in-laws here in California. I also ha d the chance to meet the kids. Oh, Paul was so cute.He’s so like Sodapop—charming and good-looking. I bet when he grows up, he will be a Sodapop the Second. And have you heard about the good news? Sandy is three- month old pregnant! Boy, you should see the happiness in their eyes—a picture of a complete and a happy family. Aside from that, Sodapop is planning to put up a branch of their bookstore here in San Diego. Looks like he and Sandy are meant for business.I really wanted to be with you now, Darry. How I miss my adolescent days. Right after my graduation, I will spend some time with you. You take care of yourself. Until next time.Your younger brother,Ponyboys

The Ethical Valuation of Euthanasia essays

The Ethical Valuation of Euthanasia essays The ethical valuation of euthanasia has been hotly contested within both the judicial and ethical arena for the past two decades. Philosophers and politicians alike stand on either side of the debate without a clear view of the future ahead. Euthanasia itself is a term that needs further clarification; it is a term that encompasses two parts active euthanasia and passive euthanasia. Within active euthanasia there is an intentional attempt at mercy killing whereas within passive euthanasia a patient is allowed to die. The difference, though subtle in nature has a strong ethical connotations. Within the medical profession, active euthanasia is argued to be strictly unethical precisely because it goes against the creed of medical ethics. The AMA (American Medical Association) argues that by allowing active euthanasia we are promoting a culture that is antithetical to the practice of medicine. They forward several rational explanations for this perspective. First, that there have been cases where medical technology has allowed those who were incurable to become cured, as in the case of HIV/AIDS and certain types of cancers. Another argument is that patients, especially those who cannot speak for themselves may often wish to live given the opportunity, and the status quo assumption of any medical professional should always error on the side of living. Finally, they argue that active euthanasia entails doctors to kill, and it represents a symbolic giving up, all three reasons provide a rationale explanation for their position against euthanasia. The ethics of active euthanasia is very clear cut, in the minds of many, acting to cause the death of an individual constitutes direct participation. Detractors of euthanasia claim that by physically taking action to cause death, an agent becomes morally reprehensible for the action because he or she becomes a direct player. The question surroundi...

The Evolution of Attraction

The Evolution of Attraction Free Online Research Papers The evolution of sex is the hardest problem in evolutionary biology. -John M. Smith One of the most curious problems of the human condition pertains to sexual diversification amongst men and women. It is apparent that the physiology of both sexes differs to some degree. Both men and women have different reproductive organs yet, there seems to be a lot more going on underneath the surface. Why do men find women attractive? Why do women find men attractive? Mating rituals have changed over the course of history, but has basic human biology? The Truth is Stranger with Friction Sex isn’t the only way of reproduction but it’s what humans ended up with. The reasoning behind this, sexual intercourse is crucial for staving off parasitic invasion. In evolutionary terms, sexual intercourse allows for diversification of genes, which are combined during reproduction. This combination of genes allows for greater diversification and a better chance of combating microscopic intruders that don’t have time to adapt. There is ample evidence for this across many sexually reproducing species (Zimmer, 2001). Man on Top Men rule. Well, at least they think they do. Throughout the greatest epochs of history, humans have never recorded a matriarchal society. There have only been those dominated by males. This shouldn’t come as a surprise to anyone that has even heard the word history. Think about the word history or his-story. The word comes from the Greek word historia which is a derivative of the word historein which means â€Å"to inquire.† Unfortunately for women, the etymology of the word keeps rooting itself further as historein derivative is formed from â€Å"history† or â€Å"learned man.† So obviously man has dominated certain aspects of language. But does this mean they have dominated humanity sexually? In short, yes. Men have been genetically qualified to run around on the Savannah and acquire the capital to help diversify their genetics (evolutionarily speaking). For most mammals, the male becomes the king. Paul Ehrlich qualifies this with his research in apes. Gorilla males are almost twice as large as their female counterparts and exhibit larger canine teeth. This is tell-tale of male dominated societies where the males vie for access to the most plentiful harem of women (177) and is commonly referred to as Sexual Dimorphism, a theory whereby the size of a male is a measurement of sexual selection for mates. Ehrlich goes on to transpose this theory into a more human aspect. Homo erectus was the first to show a closer dynamism between human ancestry and their contemporary. The size differences were closer to humans of today (about 15-20 percent) which is probably due to selection that aimed to reduce battles over dominance or a perhaps a result of growing intelligence used to joc key for positioning in mating hierarchies. So then, are women more likely to be attracted to men that fight in the UFC rather than paint pictures and gather flowers? Fear not poets and future laureates of the Nobel Prize, all is not lost. It seems that though size is advantageous for men to dominate women, bigger isn’t better and certainly not always in charge. It’s Not the Size of the Jaw Line, it’s the Motion in the Evolutionary Environment of Adaptation What women want; it is a question that men have tried to solve for centuries. Leave it to dull scientific instrumentation to offer one of the best answers. Yes, women seem to be the more complicated sex. This is all in a fine attempt by Mother Nature to ensure only the best genes get passed on. If Mother Nature had a direct line, she would receive a lot of correspondents explaining to her of countless failures. But Mother Nature still persists and it’s the thought that counts and here are a few thoughts as to how women vary from men when choosing a potential partner. Women have it much more difficult than men. Choosing a mate can be a bigger decision for a woman than choosing career paths or even the type of mortgage they will be fixed at for the next thirty years. After all, the job, even if it turns out to be less than spectacular, can be exchanged for a new one. A house with a fixed mortgage can always be sold. A child that springs forth from a relationship cannot however and this is a weighty idea. Nine months of gestation as well as possible decades thereafter are needed to rear children. A man doesn’t have to put forth as much capital as a woman. Besides the obvious outside resources, a woman must put forth an exorbitant amount of physical capital. And because humans and their reproductive organs have shelf lives, the choice between the stud and the dud could be a matter of life and death. For starters, women are attracted to a very important part of human physical appearance. This is facial appearance and it differs for men and women. For women, Levay and Valente argue that there are many variables in the attractiveness of faces. The four factors that most cognitive and Evolutionary Psychologists are concerned with are left-right symmetry, averageness, masculinity-femininity and colloquially put, babyfaceness. Just as animals look for symmetry in their mates, so do humans. The more symmetrical a person’s face is, the more attractive they are to others (Grammer and Thornhill, 1994). Experiments that have subjects rate the attractiveness of people in photos show that the most symmetrical faces win (Scheib et al., 1999). Facial symmetry can divulge details about a persons’ health as the same genetic instructions account for both sides of the body. If the development is halted or misguided, a high degree of Fluctuating Asymmetry can occur. This term refers to the change in the symmetrical features of the body when a variable such as a parasite is introduced. Fluctuating Asymmetry is a signal that there were no major upsets during development, such as infection or traumatic illness. Symmetrical qualities help deduce susceptibility to disease. Humans with better symmetrical features were found to suffer less major diseases such as schizophrenia, extremely premature birth, and retar dation amongst other physical and psychological stressors (Shackelford and Larsen, 1997). Women also look at other facial cues such as jaw width, lip size, chin size and amount of facial hair. What complicates this is the fact that the preferences for these features change during the female menstrual cycle. Women are more likely to prefer men of masculine features (larger jaw, chin and supra-occipital ridgeline) during ovulation (Penton-Voak and Perrett, 2000; Johnston et al., 2001). The idea is that women may be primed to venture forth and sniff out â€Å"good genes† or rather, ones that show physical superiority, during times of fertility. Women conversely find neo-natal features ideal when ovulation is not occurring. Wide-eyes and smooth, hairless skin are attributes of a gentler persona and heavily linked to infancy. Women look for these features in men when infertile as they are indicators of a long-term mate who will not be straying away from home in search of other potential sex partners (Penton, Voek 1999). There are other features that women find attractive in men. The term â€Å"desperation is a stinky cologne† is validated in the world of evolution. Margo Wilson and Martin Daly of McMaster University in Canada have studied jealousy across cultures and concluded that is universally human. No culture can be seen to exist without but the consequences are usually the same. In his chapter in The Red Queen (1993), Matt Ridley states that jealousy is espoused from low self-esteem; a generally negative trait in pair bond selections. â€Å"Jealousy shows low self-esteem, they say, and emotional dependency. Indeed it does, and that is exactly what the evolutionary theory would predict. A man held in low esteem by his wife is exactly the kind of person in danger of being cuckolded, for she has the motive to seek a better father for her children† (237). Ridley conjectures that women are always looking for the best fathers for their children and may even look to outside sources for genetic material, all the while having the current partner believe he is raising his own flesh and blood. He goes on to state that though polygamy is rare in hunter-gatherer societies, adultery however, is everywhere (229). Concealed ovulation can ensure that a child’s true DNA is not discovered. Cuckoldry is thus able to conceal itself at least, until the child develops a strange compulsion to deliver milk to neighbors’ doors. As humorous as this scenario is, the advantage of concealed ovulation is that the woman can get the more sought after genetics with a father more likely to give more resources in raising the child. Even more interesting is that Baker and Bellis found women retained more sperm when they went greater lengths without sex. Furthermore, the duo found non-faithful women to have high-retention orgasms with extra-marital lovers 70 percent of the time. The unfaithful women in these studies only achieved high-retention orgasms 40 percent of the time with their partner whom they claimed loyalty toward. It is of interest to note that these high-retention orgasms occurred only 55 percent of the time in relationships with faithful women. Are women doomed to try and mate at different times with multiple partners? Not necessarily. As mentioned before with male jealousy, other factors in a relationship can determine a woman’s adulterous choices. The female race therefore is not doomed to a life paralleling day-time dramas. However, consideration must be given to this these conflicts. Though the concept of adultery arose when rock music was in its literal form, it still pervades today. Infidelity is a vestige of humanity’s ancestral past. Waist Not, Want Not Though male preference for sexual selection in females seems to be less complicated, there are some interesting differences to consider for the Y chromosome. Human males have been found to enjoy not slender women but slender waists. The coveted â€Å"Waist-to-Hip-Ratio† has an important influence on sexual desire. Because women store fat in the areas of their hips after puberty, their waist is smaller, giving the appearance of the hour-glass figure. A waist-to-hip ratio of 0.7-0.9 is found to be the ticket to drive men wild (Levay, 222-223). These ratios have held up across cultures as well. The pre-conceived notion that larger breasts increased attractiveness was dismissed and though men did prefer larger than average breasts, women’s estimation on what men found insatiable was far from the mark (Thompson, Tantleff, 1992). The Hair Essentials Fact: hair grows fastest in 16-24 year old women. Consequently perhaps, younger women tend to wear their hair longer than older women (Hinsz et al., 2001). If you’re a man looking for a mate, it seems that younger women may be predisposed to play with their locks and men may be predisposed to detect it. The popular â€Å"hair-flip† was proved to be more prevalent in women in search of a mate (Moore, 1985). Men it turns out, love it. Long hair is a definite turn-on as Mesko and Bereczkei found in 2004. Men rated women’s youth, femininity and sexiness with long/medium length hair having a significant positive effect on these ratings. Long hair also increased men’s perception of the female subject’s overall health. Grammer (2001) backed up this claim and even hypothesized that longer hair allowed for greater pheromone dispersal. It’s no wonder that the trips to the salon for women are on average, much pricier than for men. Human evolution has played a significant role in the rules of engagement pertaining to sex. Studies are being amassed and as more information is gathered, it is more apparent that this field is tantamount to others within psychology. Though the traits governing attraction were developed long before civilized societies had arisen, their reverberations can be felt to this day. Advertising, the internet, instant messaging and a plethora of other technological advances have augmented the original mating rituals of humanity’s past, yet the biology still pervades. Some studies seem trite or obvious while others show a counterintuitive truth. As interesting as this is, it is still in the backlogs of popular culture as businesses and individuals continue to marginalize one gender, dismissing another though compelling evidence and research points elsewhere. Future observations on how technology will change human sexual development will be interesting and may even change some popular my ths about both sexes. Most importantly, what remain unchanged are the differences in attractive qualities and demands for Sexual Selection in humans through thousands of years. References Daly, M., Wilson, M., and Weghorst, J. (1982). Male sexual jealousy. Ethology and Sociobiology, 3, 11-27. Ehlich P., (2000). Human Natures: Genes, Cultures and the Human Prospect. New York, NY: Island Press. Fink, B., Grammer, K. Thornhill, R. (2001). Human (homo sapiens) Facial Attractiveness in Relation to Skin Texture and Color. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 115 (1), 92–99. Grammer, K., Thornhill, R. (1994). Human (homo sapiens) Facial Attractiveness and Sexual Selection: The Role of Symmetry and Avergeness. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 108, 233-243. Johnston, V. S., et al. (2001), Male Facial Attractiveness: Evidence for a Hormone-Mediated Asaptive Design. Evolutionary Human Behaviour, 22, 251-267. Knowner, R. (1996). Facial Asymettry and the Attractiveness Judgment in Developmental Perspective. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 22, 662-675. LeVay S., Valente S. (2006). Human Sexuality. (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Sinauer Associates. Penton-Voak, I. S., Perrett, D. I. (2000). Female Preference for Male Faced Changes Cyclically. Evolutionary Human Behaviour, 21, 39-48 Ridley. M., (1993). The Red: Sex and the Evolution of Human Nature. 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